NoSQL databases are storage systems designed to handle large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data, unlike traditional relational databases. NoSQL is characterized by its horizontal scalability and flexibility in data modeling. They are ideal for modern applications such as social networks, big data analysis, and real-time systems. Popular examples include MongoDB, Cassandra, and Couchbase. These databases allow companies to adapt quickly to changes in data structure and support high levels of traffic, making information management more agile and efficient in dynamic technological environments.